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67th Romanian Mathematical Olympiad

Romania number theory

Problem

Find all the positive integers with the property .
Solution
If one of the numbers is , then all are . If , then the relation can be written . Since the relation is symmetric in , we may assume that , whence . If , then . If , then and , whence , so .

If , then and , whence , so , which contradicts . Finally, the solutions are and all the permutations of .
Final answer
All permutations of (1,2,3).

Techniques

Techniques: modulo, size analysis, order analysis, inequalities