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XXI OBM

Brazil number theory

Problem

Prove that there is at least one nonzero digit between the 1,000,000th and the 3,000,000th decimal digits of .
Solution
Let us suppose that all digits between the 1,000,000th and the 3,000,000th decimal digits of are zeros. Then The left hand side is a positive integer. The right hand side is smaller than 1 nevertheless. The result thus follows.

Techniques

Techniques: modulo, size analysis, order analysis, inequalitiesLinear and quadratic inequalities